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Cancer and Leukaemia Terms and Titles
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Displaying 40 terms beginning with "B"
Bacteria are a large group of single-cell micro-organisms. Some bacteria cause infections and disease. The singular of bacteria is bacterium.
Basal Skin Carcinoma (pronounced bar sal skin car sin omah) is the most common of all skin cancers. Metastasis is rare, but a basal skin carcinoma can spread to underlying and adjacent tissue. This in turn can cause a rodent ulcer. More often than not, a basal skin carcinoma occurs between the hairline and the upper lip.
B-cells or B-lymphocytes like T-cells or T-lymphocytes, are a type of white blood cell that protects the body from infection. They have an important part to play in fighting infection, defending the body from disease. Helped by T-lymphocytes or T-cells, the B-lymphocytes or B-cells make antibodies as part of the immune response.
Benign (pronounced bee nine) describes a growth or tumour which is not cancer or cancerous. The opposite of malignant. A benign tumour contains cells which are not cancerous, whilst a malignant tumour contains cells which are cancerous.
Best Supportive Care is intended to give patients, the best possible, quality of life. It consists of physical care and treatment, to control cancer symptoms and/or reduce the side effects of the main cancer treatment. Social and/or psychological care and/or spiritual support, may be included in some doctor's and researcher's definition of supportive care.
Biological Therapy is treatment which uses substances that help or stimulate the immune system to fight diseases like cancer better, or more effectively.
Biopsy (pronounced by op see) is a procedure or operation carried out by a doctor or specialist, which removes a small amount of tissue or growth from the body to check whether they are normal or abnormal, by being examined using a microscope. A local or general anaesthetic may be used. Sometimes, using a special needle, only a small sample is taken but usually the complete lump or growth is removed for microscopic examination.
This is the organ that collects urine when it leaves or is excreted by the kidneys. Urine leaves the bladder when we urinate, pass water or wee.
This is an immature cell, at the earliest stage in its development.
The loss of blood or blood escape from the circulatory system.
Bleomycin (pronounced blee o my sin) is a drug used in chemotherapy.
Blood is the red fluid that is pumped through the body by the heart and contains plasma, blood cells, and platelets. It also carries oxygen to all parts of the body.
See Stem Cell Collecting Machine.
Blood Cells, also called blood corpuscles, are one of three types of cells that are found in the blood. The three types are: red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
Blood Circulation is the movement of the blood around the body.
See Blood Cells.
The blood contains a number of different types of cells, some of which carry oxygen around the body and some of which help prevent infection. Doctors carry out blood counts to find out how many of the different types of blood cells there are, to check whether they are at normal levels and to see whether any have been damaged as a result of cancer treatments a person has undergone. In this way a check can be made to see whether things are normal or abnormal.
This is where a small amount of blood is taken for a test or examination, to see whether there is anything abnormal.
See Stem Cells.
Blood System or Blood Vessels are the tubes through which the blood travels round the body. They include a network of arteries, veins and capillaries.
See Blood System.
See B-cells.
See Body Mass Index.
See Cells.
BMI or Body Mass Index is a measure or indication of how obese a person is. A person's body mass index or BMI is measured by comparing someone's height with their weight.
Body Tissue is a group of connected cells, which have a particular function.
Bone Cancer is a type of cancer that develops in or around bones. In young people the most common types are osteosarcoma and Ewing's Sarcoma.
Bone Marrow is the substance found inside your bones and is where the red blood cells and most of the white blood cells are made. It is a soft tissue that fills the cavities within the bones.
Bone Marrow Aspiration is a procedure to remove a small amount of bone marrow, using a thin needle, so that tests can be carried out, to check whether there is anything abnormal.
See Bone Marrow Transplants.
Bone Marrow Transplants are carried out where very high doses of chemotherapy have been given to treat certain types of cancer and as a result a person's bone marrow is destroyed. A bone marrow transplant could be using that persons own bone marrow (an autologous transplant) or using a donor's bone marrow (an allogeneic transplant).
See Osteoporosis.
This is a word which is used if a test undertaken does not give a clear or conclusive result. A doctor may say it's a borderline case because he or she is not completely sure about the result of a test.
See Colon.
This is the organ of the body which controls all our actions and reactions. It is the centre of the nervous system.
That part of the brain which controls major body functions such as breathing and swallowing. The brain stem connects to the spinal cord.
This is a glioma, a type of tumour, which is found in the brain stem.
An abnormal growth of cells within the brain or inside the skull, which can benign or malignant.
The part of the skull enclosing the brain, also known as the cranium.
Bronchoscopy is, a test or procedure carried out to check on the state of the insides of a person's lungs.
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