 |
Cancer and Leukaemia Terms and Titles
Browse
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
Displaying 61 terms beginning with "T"
This is a test which helps to compare different treatments, that are being tested in a clinical trial.
T4 is a hormone, containing iodine, produced by the thyroid gland. It helps to control the growth and development of cells and increases the rate of chemical reactions in cells. It can also be produced artificially, in a laboratory and can be used to treat thyroid disorders. T4 is also known as thyroxine or L- 3.5.5 - tetreoidothyronine.
Targeted Therapy is treatment which targets specific parts of the body, using drugs and other substances. This means targeted therapy will probably cause less harm to healthy, normal cells than non-targeted treatment.
See Targeted Therapy.
Taste Buds are areas on the tongue that give people different tastes, such as sweet, salty, bitter. The taste buds can be damaged, as a result of chemotherapy. Some foods may test metallic, whilst others may be tasteless. Usually this loss of taste is short term and normal taste returns, once treatment is finished. Some radiotherapy treatment, to the head, can cause permanent loss of taste.
Sometimes very small ('pinprick'), permanent, ink marks are made on the skin, during radiotherapy. They are used to help line up the machine, which is giving the treatment.
Taxanes are a group of drugs used in chemotherapy.
See Tuberculosis.
See Total Body Irradiation.
T-cells or T-lymphocytes like B-cells or B-lymphocytes, are a type of white blood cell that protects the body from infection. They have an important part to play in fighting infection, defending the body from disease. Helped by B-lymphocytes or B-cells, the T-lymphocytes or T-cells make antibodies as part of the immune response.
Telangiectasia or Red Spidery Marks are long term effects of radiotherapy. These are as a result of the permanent enlargement of blood vessels, causing redness in the skin or mucous membranes, at the site of previous radiotherapy treatment.
A person's temperature is how hot or cold their body is. Normal body temperature is 98.4°F or 37°C. Where someone's temperature is above this, they are said to 'have a temperature'.
Ten Year Survival is an indication, shown as a percentage, of the proportion of people, with a particular type of cancer, who are still living, ten years after it was first diagnosed.
Tendons are the fibrous tissues that attach muscles to the bones.
Terminal or Terminally Ill describes where an illness or disease will probably, eventually cause the death of the patient.
See Terminal.
Where something, such as a blood sample is being looked at to see whether there is anything abnormal.
These are the male reproductive organs or sex organs that produce sperm.
See Testes.
Testicular means related to the testes or testicles
Thalidomide is a drug used in cancer treatment because it stops the blood vessels growing. Drugs that stop the blood vessels from growing are called antiangiogenic.
Therapy is a course or method of treatment.
Therapy radiographers are medically qualified persons, who are trained to take x-rays to carry out radiotherapy treatment.
Thoracic means to do with the chest.
This is the main channel of the lymphatic system. It is found just above the heart and returns the lymph fluid to the blood circulation.
See Platelets.
Thrombocytopenia is a low thrombocyte or platelet count. It happens when thrombocytes are destroyed at a faster rate than the bone marrow can replace them.
Thrombocytopenic purpura is caused by bleeding under the surface of the skin. It looks like tiny purple or red spots, which are the result of thrombocytopenia.
Thromboembolism is the medical term given for a blood clot.
Thrombopoietin or TPO is produced by the body to help make blood cells, particularly platelets. TPO is being looked at, to see how it can be used to increase the numbers of platelets produced by cancer patients having chemotherapy. It can be made in the laboratory, when it is known as recombinant human thrombrpoietin or (rHu) TPO.
Thyroid is a gland located in the centre of the brain. It is responsible (amongst other things) for the control of body temperature.
See T4.
Tinnitus is a condition in which noises (for example: ringing or buzzing) are heard in the ear when there is no noise outside the ear, which has caused it. It can occur as a side effect of certain chemotherapy drugs.
Tissue is a collection or group of similar cells, which work together to perform a particular job or task.
See Tyrosine Kinase.
See Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors.
See T-cells.
See Transcendental Meditation.
See Tumour necrosis factor.
These are the lymph glands at the back of the nose and throat and are part of the immune system. They fight infection in the lungs and airways.
Topical describes something being put directly on the surface of the skin. Creams and ointments are topical medications.
Total Body Irradiation or TBI is radiotherapy that is given to the whole body. Total Body Irradiation might be part of the treatment given for stem cell or bone marrow transplants.
Toxic means poisonous.
Toxicity is the extent to which something is toxic, poisonous or harmful to the body.
Toxins are poisonous substances, especially proteins, produced by living cells or organisms, that are capable of causing disease when introduced into the body tissues.
See Thrombopoietin.
Transcendental Meditation or TM is a technique which is used to reduce stress, help people relax and generally improve their quality of life. TM is a registered trademark of the Maharishi Foundation Ltd.
This is a procedure whereby an abnormal or diseased part of the body is replaced by a healthy one. Sometimes another person (known as a donor) gives that part of the body (for example, a kidney transplant). Sometimes healthy tissue is taken from another part of the patient's body (for example a skin transplant).
Treatment is all the things, which doctors and nurses do, that help people to get better from illness or injury. It includes giving medicine, carrying out procedures and performing operations.
Rather than being given from directly in front or directly behind a patient, radiotherapy is often given at an angle (the treatment angle). This is done in order to lessen the effective of radiotherapy on healthy parts of the body.
Where a new drug, test, treatment or procedure is being tried out, it is said to be, on trial. During a trial, sometimes known as a clinical trial, researchers will investigate whether the drug, test, treatment or procedure is safe, whether there are any side effects and how effective it is.
Trial Centres are the sites, such as hospitals, which are taking part in a particular trial.
Trial Structure is the way in which a trial has been designed.
A trigger is something that starts a chain of events or causes a particular outcome. For example exposure to dust, pollen or mould may trigger a bout of sneezing, coughing or watery eyes. Painful treatments, chemotherapy, even the sights, sounds and smells that go with them, may trigger anxiety or fear for a patient who has cancer.
Tuberculosis or TB is a disease spread by air-borne bacteria. Although it can affect many parts of the body, it usually affects the lungs. It is usually treated and cured by using antibiotics. TB symptoms may not appear for many years after a person is affected. They may only appear, as a result of someone developing serious illnesses, such as AIDS, cancer or diabetes.
Tumour Markers occur as part of the bodies response to cancer. They are substances, usually proteins, which are produced by both cancerous and non-cancerous tumours. Tumour markers can be found by testing the blood or tumour samples.
TNF or Tumour necrosis factor is a protein produced by white blood cells in response to infection or an antigen. It can be made artificially in the laboratory. TNF may cause necrosis (which means 'cell death') and boost an individual's immune response. For these reasons it is being looked at, to see how it can be used to treat cancer.
Tumours are swellings or lumps and may be benign or malignant. They are caused by an abnormal growth of cells.
In clinical trials the sort of treatment a patient receives, is known as the type of treatment. For example, it could be radiotherapy, chemotherapy or hormone treatment.
Tyrosine Kinase or TK are a group of enzymes, which are part of a cell's signalling system. They act as chemical messengers, telling cells when to divide and grow. In cancer cells, the genes that control tyrosine kinase, can be abnormal. In such cases, abnormal TKs send too many signals telling cancer cells to grow.
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors or TKIs are drugs which inhibit or slow down the work of tyrosine kinase, so helping to stop cancers from growing.
Spotted something wrong or missing? Please let us know.
|
 |
